Italy, and other parts of Europe

, indicating disposition
towards new revolutions, and new scenes of rapine
and bloodshed. It must be so, in order to improve
the state of society, since the result of the measures
and policy of Buonaparte, has been only to bind the
people faster in chains, and to make his vassal kings
the contemptible instruments whereby these chains
were to be rivetted upon themselves and their people.
It is only, I fear, by new revolutions, therefore, that
the ameliorated state of things, which you conceive
likely to arise out of the troubles in Europe, are to be
effected. In the meantime, England has gained a
great point with respect to her commerce; since, not
only all Spain and Portugal, but their vast posses-
sions in the west and east, will be opened to this
country; since these countries and their future inde-
pendence have only been saved, under Providence, by
her paramount naval power, and her prompt assist-
ance by armies, military stores, clothing, arms, and
money.

Let us hope that these evils will determine America
to enter into a close alliance with this country—she
has nothing to fear from France

. Her embargo has
rather been of service than otherwise to England.
It will probably throw into the hands of the British
the French colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
It will compel this country to call forth all the ener-
gies of the British American colonies, by large boun-
ties and other encouragements, to cultivate, in a greater
degree, those articles which the United States were
accustomed to send to the British West Indies, in
order to be secured against the recurrence of a similar
measure—another embargo. The privations suffered
by a temporary suspension of trade between Britain
and America, will be useful to both countries. It
will enable the people to pay their old debts, with-
out, at the same time, commencing new ones, and will
cause a great capital to enter with the British credi-
tor. I declare to you, I never could view the embar-